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Training
WTW offers a number of training courses in positioning, surveying
and mapping for the exploration industry. A typical course timetable extends
over 2 days or 5 days, but courses may be tailored easily to the precise
requirements of the individual client. Topics covered include: Geodesy and
Reference Systems (Datums and Map Projections); Positioning requirements for 2D
and 3D Seismic Surveys; GPS/DGPS theory and practice; UKOOA P1/P2 data exchange
formats; Least Squares Adjustment and Error Analysis.
The depth to which any topic is covered is
adjustable to the requirements of the client and the background of potential
students, although students for the standard courses offered would normally be
expected to have completed a tertiary education in a numerate discipline. The
level of mathematics required for the standard courses assumes familiarity with
trigonometrical functions; matrix manipulation and some level of knowledge of
statistics, although these topics may be revised briefly or the depth of the
course adjusted if required.
Venues may be at client offices or at any
mutually convenient location. Equipment, teaching materials and comprehensive
course notes will be supplied by WTW.
Courses are taught by WTW managers or
consultants who are trained surveyors, usually members of the RICS or similar
bodies, with relevant experience in the specific areas to be taught.
Below is a typical timetable:
| Day
|
Topic
|
Content
|
1
|
Reference Systems |
The figure of the Earth. Computational Surfaces. The
Ellipsoid, the Geoid and their relationship. Reference Systems: types,
definitions and uses. |
|
Datums and Map Projections |
Defining Horizontal and Vertical Datums. Local and
Satellite Datums. Transforming between Datums. Projecting doubly curved
surfaces onto a plane. Relationships of Map Projections to Datums. Examples
of Map Projections and where/how to use them. |
2
|
Position Fixing |
Basic position fixing techniques (resection; trilateration;
triangulation). Radio propagation. Acoustic propagation. Brief outline of
error sources and terminology used in error analysis. |
|
Surface Positioning |
Pseudo-random Codes. Pseudo-range and spread-spectrum
techniques. A brief historical outline of radio and satellite position
fixing. GPS basics, Differential GPS, rGPS. Operational techniques.
Deployment on complex configurations. Systems available and
suitability/limitations for particular tasks. Geometry, propagation and
system errors. Other satellite positioning systems. Data telemetry and
system update delays |
3
|
Introduction to Least Squares Computations |
Detailed look at the production of a position fix using
the Variation of Co-ordinates method. Weighting of fixes. Worked example
|
|
In- Sea Positioning |
Streamer compasses; acoustic networks; lasers.
Configurations used in 3D seismic surveys. Error sources in each type of
equipment. Calibration checks |
4
|
Errors |
Error types (random, systematic, semi-periodic). Error
propagation. Definitions of precision; accuracy; reliability; repeatability
and their relationships. A more detailed look at geometry, error ellipses
and the measurement of precision. Design of networks. |
|
Quality Analysis of Positioning Data |
Relationship of accuracy; precision and reliability. Data
snooping. Testing (F-Test, W-Test). Explanation of terminology used in
testing (eg, MDE). External and internal reliability. Limitations of the
methodology. Other QA techniques. |
5
|
Integrated System |
Filtering, prediction and smoothing. Kalman filters.
Measurement v Observation Models. Analysis of quality measurements in a
dynamic system |
|
Data Processing |
Step by step and integrated approaches to processing of
seismic positioning data. QA requirements. UKOOA P2 and P1 raw and final
data exchange formats. |
|
Summary and Feedback |
Review of the course. Feedback to lecturer. Some clients
request a test on the final day of the course. This may be accommodated by
working slightly longer days or by reducing the depth to which some elements
are covered. Tests would normally be graded and returned within 7 days. |
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